The Sauer 1890 is a legendary piece of craftsmanship, known for its exceptional quality, precision engineering, and historical significance in the world of shotguns. Originating from the prestigious German firearms manufacturer J.P. Sauer & Sohn, the Sauer 1890 is a classic example of the kind of quality that the brand is famous for. With its fine materials and meticulous design, the 1890 model became a staple in the hunting community and remains highly sought after by collectors, sportsmen, and restoration enthusiasts. For those fortunate enough to own a Sauer 1890, restoring this fine shotgun to its former glory can be a rewarding and challenging task.
History of the Sauer 1890 Shotgun
J.P. Sauer & Sohn, founded in 1751, has long been a leader in the production of high-quality firearms. The Sauer 1890 was designed in the late 19th century, and it became one of the company’s most notable side-by-side shotguns. Its significance in the realm of hunting and sports shooting is undeniable, as the Sauer 1890 was renowned for its balance, durability, and smooth operation.
While the shotgun was primarily manufactured for hunters, it quickly gained favor among competitive shooters, thanks to its smooth actions and high-precision barrels. Today, the Sauer 1890 is regarded as a collector’s piece, with examples that showcase the intricate craftsmanship that was once synonymous with the brand.
The Challenge of Restoration
Restoring a Sauer 1890 shotgun can be an immensely satisfying endeavor, but it requires patience, skill, and an understanding of its original design. Many of these shotguns have aged over the decades, with some showing signs of wear, corrosion, or neglect. The restoration process is not only about returning the shotgun to its original aesthetic, but also ensuring that it functions properly and safely for future generations of shooters.
Here are some common challenges faced during the restoration of a Sauer 1890 shotgun:
- Rust and Corrosion: With many of these shotguns having been in circulation for over a century, rust and corrosion are often the most common issues. Parts like the barrels, trigger guard, and receiver can suffer from pitting and rust damage. These must be carefully cleaned and refinished to restore the shotgun’s look without compromising its integrity.
- Wood Stock Repair: The wooden stock is a hallmark of the Sauer 1890, but over the years, it can suffer from cracks, chips, and dings. Restoring the wood requires precision and attention to detail. A proper sanding, staining, and refinishing can make a dramatic difference in the appearance of the shotgun, but it must be done cautiously to preserve the integrity of the wood.
- Barrel Polishing and Re-bluing: The barrels of the Sauer 1890 were originally made from high-quality steel, but they can lose their sheen over time due to oxidation. A skilled gunsmith may need to polish the barrel and apply a fresh bluing to restore its finish and protect it from further corrosion.
- Action and Mechanical Restoration: The action of the Sauer 1890, while reliable, may need adjustments or repairs to function smoothly after years of use. Parts such as springs, hammers, and ejectors may require replacement or fine-tuning. In some cases, professional gunsmiths can provide parts that are either original or custom-made to restore the shotgun’s mechanical reliability.
- Rebuilding the Locks and Triggers: A significant part of restoring the Sauer 1890 is ensuring that the locks and triggers function properly. Parts like the firing pin, sear, and hammer need to be inspected for wear, and any faulty components must be replaced or restored. Proper lubrication and fitting are essential to maintaining smooth operation and ensuring safety.
The Restoration Process
The process of restoring a Sauer 1890 shotgun involves several stages, each requiring careful attention to detail:
- Assessment and Disassembly: The first step in restoration is assessing the condition of the shotgun. This includes checking for rust, mechanical wear, and overall damage to the barrel, stock, and action. Once the shotgun’s condition is thoroughly understood, disassembly begins. Each component must be carefully removed and cataloged to ensure that no part is lost during the restoration process.
- Cleaning and Repair: With all parts disassembled, cleaning is the next major step. Rust and corrosion must be carefully removed from the metal parts using appropriate solvents and abrasives. The wood stock must be stripped of old finish and repaired if necessary. Cracks or chips are filled, and the stock is reshaped as needed. This step may also involve sanding down rough areas of the stock for a smoother finish.
- Refinishing: Once cleaned, the metal components are refinished with a new layer of bluing or parkerizing to protect against further corrosion. The wood stock is refinished with a protective oil or lacquer to bring out its natural beauty while preserving the wood.
- Reassembly and Function Check: After all the parts have been restored and refinished, the shotgun is reassembled. During this step, a careful inspection is performed to ensure that all moving parts function as they should. The action is tested, and adjustments are made to the locks, triggers, and ejectors to ensure smooth operation.
- Final Touches and Testing: Once the shotgun is fully reassembled, a final inspection is done, and the shotgun is test-fired under controlled conditions to verify its functionality. Any fine-tuning that may be needed to improve performance is carried out. A restored Sauer 1890 should feel like a finely tuned instrument, with the action smooth and the barrel free from defects.
The Importance of Professional Restoration
Restoring a Sauer 1890 shotgun is a delicate process, and while some owners may opt for DIY restoration, it is highly recommended that individuals with limited experience consult a professional gunsmith who specializes in antique firearms. Restoration professionals possess the necessary tools, expertise, and knowledge of the original design to ensure that the shotgun is restored to its original condition without compromising its structural integrity.
Conclusion
The Sauer 1890 is more than just a shotgun; it is a piece of history, a reminder of the craftsmanship and engineering prowess of J.P. Sauer & Sohn. Restoring a Sauer 1890 requires an understanding of its intricate design, an eye for detail, and a commitment to preserving its legacy. Whether you’re a collector, a shooting enthusiast, or simply a lover of fine firearms, restoring a Sauer 1890 is a rewarding journey that honors both the history of the firearm and the tradition of fine craftsmanship. When completed, the restored shotgun is not just a tool for hunting or sport shooting; it is a testament to the lasting value of quality and attention to detail.
